Most-asked question

How should profit and loss be shared in a partnership?

132 fatawa in the archive answer questions on this, from 7 South African Darul Iftas (Mufti Online, Ask Imaam, Ibn Masood, Azaadville, Jamiat KZN, Camperdown and others). Below, each Darul Ifta’s answer is quoted word for word from the opening of one of its fatawa.

Based on the fatawa linked below. Please read the sources and double-check with a Darul Ifta for your situation.

Consult a mufti for your situation. Fatawa SA is a read-only archive and issues no rulings of its own.

What the Darul Iftas say

“The arrangement in the queried scenario is not permissible. In a partnership, the expenses are first settled from the income accrued. The nett profit will then be divided between the two partners on a 50/50 basis, since they have enacted a partnership on a 50/50 basis.”

Ibn Masood — Dental partnership agreement · 6 Jan 2022

“Such a partnership is valid. However, after the crops are harvested, then each partner should take his 50% share from the crop. If thereafter, they both wish to sell their portion of the crop individually, they may do so.”

Mufti Online — Muzaara'ah partnership · 20 Feb 2024

“According to the Hanafi Madh’hab, in a partnership, the capital has to be in cash form from both partners. If one partner provides cash and the other partner provides kind such as machinery, then such a partnership will not be valid.”

Azaadville — Cash And Kind Capital Contributions In A Partnership · 4 Jun 2022

“Scenario 1: According to our understanding, the nature of this partnership is Shirkah al Amwaal and not Mudhaarabah. This is because in a Mudhaarabah arrangement, the Rabbul Maal (investor) provides the capital while the other partner or partners contribute work without investing.”

Camperdown — Valuation in a Partnership · 3 Dec 2025

Quotes are the opening words of each answer as published; the full answer, its conditions and references are on the fatwa page. Answers depend on the exact details of each question.

Read the fatawa

  1. Demise Of Business PartnerIbn Masood · 26 Aug 2026
  2. Valuation in a PartnershipCamperdown · 3 Dec 2025
  3. Do Heirs automatically become Partners in the Deceased’s Business PartnershipsJamiat KZN · 29 Sep 2025
  4. Muzaara'ah partnershipMufti Online · 20 Feb 2024
  5. When The Value In The Share Of A Partnership Of A Marhoom Is DeterminedAzaadville · 11 Dec 2023
  6. Small Tuck Shop PartnershipAsk Imaam · 7 Dec 2021
  7. Taking a Salary from a Partnership & Masbūq Leading Others in ṢalāhMUBZ · 12 Jun 2025
  8. Loss in PartnershipIbn Masood · 21 Apr 2025
  9. Business Partnership between Muslim and Non-MuslimCamperdown · 1 Feb 2024
  10. Status of partnership upon the death of a partnerJamiat KZN · 24 Aug 2015
  11. Specifying a certain amount of the profits for any partner in a partnershipMufti Online · 5 Mar 2023
  12. Status Of A Partnership Upon The Death Of A PartnerAzaadville · 18 Mar 2023
  13. Diminishing MusharakahAsk Imaam · 24 Dec 2020
  14. Dental partnership agreementIbn Masood · 6 Jan 2022
  15. Cash And Kind Capital Contributions In A PartnershipAzaadville · 4 Jun 2022

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