Can a person name their child “Khalid bin Waleed”, without removing “bin Waleed”?

No, it is incorrect to name one’s son with “bin Waleed” attached to the name “Khalid”, as the child should be attributed to his biological father. “bin Waleed” means “son of Waleed”. Yes, if the father’s name is also Waleed, then you may keep his name “Khalid bin Waleed”.

Hadrat Abu Dharr Radiallahu Anhu reported that Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam said: “A person who attributes his fatherhood to anyone other than his real father, knowing that he is not his father, commits an act of disbelief. And he who makes a claim of anything which in fact does not belong to him, is none of us, and he should make his abode in Hell. And he who labels anyone as disbeliever or calls him the enemy of Allah while he is in fact not so, it will revert (fall back on) to him.”