Who is excused from fasting because of illness or old age?

“Fasting in Ramaḍān is a Divine and merciful obligation on every person who is able to do so. The principal ruling is, that if, a competent Muslim doctor advises one not to fast or if one genuinely fears, due to previous experience, that one will become sick by fasting or one’s sickness will be aggravated by fasting, then such a …”

“In principle, if a person is unable to fast due to a chronic illness, he will be excused from fasting. If the person is expected to recover from such an illness, then it will be necessary to perform Qadhaa for each missed fast. However, if there is no hope of recovery, then the Fidyah must be paid for every missed fast.”

“In principle, if one fears that one will become sick by fasting or one’s sickness will be aggravated by fasting, then such a person is excused from fasting. However, such a person will be have to keep Qadha fast for each missed fast in the future when one is able to do so.”

“If the pill (medication, etc) is taken orally, it will invalidate the fast.”