Must a pregnant or breastfeeding woman fast?

“It is permissible for the pregnant woman to break her fast. She should make up for the broken fast once she is able to do so. An additional kaffarah will not be required.”

“If the breastfeeding mother fears that her health will deteriorate (by breastfeeding) and it will affect her health or the child’s health, then it will be permissible for her to omit fasting, and she may make up for the missed fasts after Ramadaan.”

“In principle, it is obligatory for a breastfeeding woman to fast in the month of Ramaḍān. Hence, a breastfeeding woman should adopt a diet and lifestyle, based on the advice of medical professionals and experienced nursing women, that would be conducive to fasting whilst breastfeeding.”

“A pregnant woman is not excused from fasting during the month of Ramadhaan. However if she is unable to fast due to weakness or illness, then it is permissible for her to postpone the missed fasts for after the month of Ramadhaan.”